Από Wikipedia

Fear, uncertainty and doubt (or FUD, από τα αρχικά των λέξεων Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt) είναι μια τακτική που χρησιμοποιείται στις πωλήσεις, το μάρκετινγκ, τις δημόσιες σχέσεις, την πολιτική και την propaganda. Σε γενικές γραμμές πρόκειται για μια στρατηγική προσπάθεια να επηρεαστεί η αντίληψη του αποδέκτη μέσω της διάδοσης αρνητικών και διφορούμενων ή ψευδών πληροφοριών.

A company, for example, can use FUD tactics to cause negative opinions and expectations for the products of a competitor, να διογκώσει τις εκτιμήσεις για το κόστος αλλαγής αποτρέποντας έτσι τους πελάτες της από το να προτιμήσουν κάποια άλλη εταιρία, or to maintain a position of strength in the face of enansynetairopoy could potentially become a competitor.
Ο όρος χρησιμοποιήθηκε αρχικά για να περιγράψει τακτικές misinformation στη βιομηχανία υλικών υπολογιστών αλλά έκτοτε χρησιμοποιείται πιο πλατιά.
Η τακτική FUD είναι μια εκδήλωση της appeal to fear, an logical fallacy όπου η τρομοκράτηση χρησιμοποιείται για να δημιουργήσει υποστήριξη σε μια άποψη ή σκοπό.

SARTRE1-300x83

Michael Crichton, State of Fear:
“Τα βιομηχανοποιημένα κράτη παρέχουν στους πολίτες τους πρωτοφανή ασφάλεια, health, and amenities.

The average life span increased by fifty percent over the last century. Fri ’ all these modern humans fear desperately. Afraid of strangers, disease, the crime, the environment. They fear the houses in which they live, the foods you eat, the technology that surrounds them. And causing considerable panic them that can't even see:microbes, chemicals, additional, pollutants. Fear, nervousness, anxiety and depression. And something even more amazing, be sure that the environment is being destroyed around them. Incredible!

A fallacy that resembles the belief in magic, a global fantasy worthy of the middle ages. All goes against the devil and therefore we all need to live afraid…The last fifteen years we have been under the control of a completely new cluster…I call it political-legal-journalistic complex. The PND. And is dedicated to the spread of fear in the world under the pretext that it promotes safety… Western States is safe. but the citizens do not feel that it is, because of PND…

Politicians need fear to control population. Lawyers need to become lawsuits and make money. Τα μέσα ενημέρωσης χρειάζονται τρομακτικές ειδήσεις για να τραβήξουν την προσοχή του κοινού.”

source

Aristotle for fear

aristotfob“So if o fear arises from the expectation of us getting some calamity, it is obvious that none of those who think that they will not suffer any harm, not afraid.
And fear not, nor those who think that they will not suffer, nor those of whom they think will suffer, kaioute and then fear, when they do not think they are going to suffer nothing. It follows that necessarily afraid of those who think that something will suffer, and the persons from whom they fear the suffering, and those who will suffer, contrast to time and who will suffer.
And do not think they will get anything those where are semegali the happiness they think IFI are in great happiness, for this is offensive and insolent kaialazonikoi (and such do laboring people whatever wealth, or physical strength, s many friends, or social influence).
Well fear not those where they think they have already suffered badly and looking at with cold indifference to the future, as these gdzie is doomed to death with apotympanismo. '' But there must be some hope of salvation from the agony of fear. Apodeixis is the fact that makes them fear people thinking, because of course no one thinks the surprisingly.
LINDA KATEHI, ARISTOTELOUS STR, 1383a
eley
peristeri